(Revealed 1–2 AH / 622–624 CE, Madinah)
These verses lay out essential Islamic rules for life, family, and worship. Allah ﷻ teaches us about wills and inheritance: when someone nears death, it is right to leave guidance that is fair for relatives, making sure no one is left forgotten. Breaking these rules or twisting someone’s last wishes is a serious wrong.
Fasting is described as a practice that was given to earlier communities—and now to this one—to help people grow in self-control, gratitude, and awareness of Allah ﷻ. The Qur’an explains the details: when to fast, who is excused, how to make up days, and the spirit behind the hunger. It is not supposed to bring harm, but to build discipline and closeness to Allah ﷻ.
Allah ﷻ reveals more about family relations and ethics: rules about marriage and divorce, respect for boundaries, and the importance of kindness and decency. Men and women both have rights and responsibilities; breaking these with anger, manipulation, or injustice is strongly warned against.
A believer’s home life is sacred—forgiveness, support, and clear boundaries are what brings tranquility. Divorce, though sometimes necessary, should be handled with justice and not vengeance. Kind treatment is required even at the end of a marriage.
There is also a lesson about fighting back only when wronged, to the extent of what was done to you, but Allah ﷻ loves those who forgive and show mercy. Physical rules about religious pilgrimage (Hajj and Umrah) are described, showing that worship for Muslims is not only private but comes with actions and clear community standards.
During the years 622–624 CE (1–2 AH) in Madinah, these laws came as the Muslim society needed to replace old tribal habits with just, organized guidance. Relations that once caused family feuds or injustice were changed to build harmony and support.
The Prophet ﷺ guided people to use these rules wisely, always aiming for kindness and improvement—not just “winning” in conflicts or holding grudges.
For us today, these commands remind us to be fair in wealth, gentle in family—especially during transitions—and to let worship train the spirit, not just the body. Religion is not just about beliefs but is a guide for all everyday life—especially at its hardest or most emotional points.
Ready to continue with Economic Justice, Laws, Warfare, and Unity (Ayat 197–218)?